PG TRB GEOGRAPHY NEW SYLLABUS 2025
Unit I PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
Geomorphology :
The origin of Earth: Gaseous Hypothesis of Kant, Nebular Hypothesis of Laplace, The Nova Hypothesis of Hoyle and Lytleton – The Age of Earth: Sedimentation method, Radioactivity method. The Earth’s Interior: Layers of the earth interior: The Crust, Mantle, Core, Thickness and depth of different layers of the Earth, Distribution of continents and Oceans – Plate tectonics and continental drift – Rocks: Definition and classification: Igneous Rocks, Sedimentary rocks, Metomorphic rocks – Mountain Building Process: Volcanoes, Earthquakes, Mountains, Plateaus and Plains, Geomorphic processes – Denudational Agencies, Cycle of erosion: Davis and Penck, Theories and process of slope development.
Climatology:
Composition and Structure of Atmosphere, Solar Radiation, Heat Budget of the Earth and Atmosphere. Distribution of Temperature: Vertical, Horizontal distribution of temperature, Temperature Inversion – Atmospheric Pressure: factors affecting Atmospheric Pressure – Distribution of Atmospheric Pressure, Wind: Types of winds – Monsoon winds, Area of monsoon winds, the Indian monsoon, Jet stream, kinds of Humidity – Clouds: formation of clouds, classification of clouds, Precipitation: types of rainfall, Air masses: classification of air masses, Fronts – frontal zones, major fronts, Cyclones: Cyclones and Anticyclones, classification of thunderstorms – Climatic classification: Koppen and Thornthwaite – Climate change: Cause and effects of climate change – Global warming, Effect of El-Nino, La Nina.
Oceanography:
Distribution of Water and Land, Relief of the Ocean :Continental shelf, Continental slope, Continental rise, Mid Oceanic Ridges, Abyssal plain Island, Guyots and seamounts, Ocean deeps and Oceanic trenches – Bottom Relief of the Ocean floors : Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Ocean temperature, Ocean salinity and density of Ocean water – Ocean deposits – Sea waves – Ocean currents: Major Ocean currents – Tides – Sea level changes – Tsunami – Coral reefs.
Unit II HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
Population Geography: Sources of population data in India – Population: Distribution, Density and Growth, world population distribution, factors affecting population distribution, density patterns – measures and determinants of fertility, mortality – World’s population growth and its trend – Theories of population growth: Malthus, Sadler and Ricardo – Migration: types of migration, causes of migration,
consequences of migration, Population composition and characteristics: Age, Sex, Rural-urban, Occupational structure and educational levels and literacy – Population of Tamilnadu: Population, Distribution, Density and Growth, Optimum population – Over population, Under population – Potential population, Population policies.
Settlement Geography:
Agricultural Geography : Nature, Scope and significance of Agriculture geography-Approaches to study of Agriculture geography– Land Capability, Classification and land use planning– Agricultural productivity – crop combination (weaver’s, Doi’s, Raffiullah’s),Crop diversification, Types of Crops: Food crops, Horticultural crops – Plantation crops, Fibre crops – Agricultural Systems of the world – Agricultural regions of India – Agricultural regions of Tamilnadu, Role of Remote sensing in Agricultural Studies.
form: peri-urban areas, rural – urban fringe – Sub-urban, ring and satellite towns – social segregations in the city – urban social area analysis – Urban issues: slums, in formal sectoral growth, crime and social exclusion.
Transport Geography: Nature, scope and significance of transport Geography – Different types of transportation – Merits and demerits of transport – Terminal charges and operating charges – Tapering cost structure – Variation in freight structure on distance – Commodity – Size and elasticity of demand – Long haul advantages – Nodes and links – Connectivity – Accessibility – Centrality – Structural analysis of transportation network – Graph theoretic measures – Measures of nodal accessibility – Matrix measures – Detour index – Theories of spatial interaction – Gravity model – Transportation and spatial structure – Role of transport in socio-economic integration – Urban and regional transport planning – Problems of transport.
Cultural Geography: Concept of cultural – Evolution of Human beings – Major Races of the World – Culture interaction and diffusion – Culture exchange – Measurement of Human Development: Social, Economic and Environmental Indicators – Human Development Index.
Social Geography: Nature and scope of social geography – Environmental and landscope ecology – Social structure (family, marriage and kinship) and processes – Rural and urban society – spatial distribution of ethnicity – Tribe – Dialect – Language – caste and religion in the world with special reference to India – welfare and social well being – Quality of life – Health – Education, Economic Status – Gender – well being of women – Spatial distribution of social groups in India – Health care planning and policies in India.
Economic Geography: The significance of Economic Geography – Factors affecting spatial organisation of economic activities – Natural resources: Classification of Resources – Renewable and non – renewable resources – Distribution and associable problems conservation of resources – Industries: Agro based Industries – Mineral based Industries – Engineering – Industries – Chemical industries – Industrial regions of the world – Trade blocs – Major importing and exporting countries – World Energy crisis in developed and developing countries.
Political Geography: Trends and development in political Geography – Geography of federation – Boundaries and frontiers of India – Electoral reforms in India – Geopolitics: climate clange, world resources and Indian Ocean – Regional organisations of co-operations: SAARC, ASEAN, OPEC and EU – Neopolitics of world natural resources – India’s Foreign Policies.
Unit III GEOGRAPHICAL THOUGHT
Unit IV REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING
Unit V GEOGRAPHY OF RESOURCE
Vulnerability: types and their assessment – physical, social, economic and environmental vulnerability – Disaster Risk Assessment – approaches and procedures for disaster management.
Unit VI GEOGRAPHY OF ENVIRONMENT
Savanna biome, Tropical Evergreen Rainforest biome, Monsoon Deciduous forest biome, Desert biome – Biodiversity: Hotspots of biodiversity – Threats to biodiversity: Habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, Man-wildlife conflicts – Endangered species of India – Conservation of biodiversity: In situ and Ex situ Conservation of biodiversity – hydrological cycle – International programmes
and policies – Environment policy of India.
Unit VII GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA
Unit VIII GEOGRAPHY OF TAMILNADU
Rubber and Spices) – Livestock (cattle, sheep and dairying) – Fisheries (inland and deep sea fishing). Distribution of Minerals and Industries: Metallic, Non-Metallic (Iron, Manganese, Bauxite, Copper, Mica, Illuminate and power resources) – Agro Based Industries – (Textile, Sugar, Paper) – Cement – Automobile – Population: Distribution – Growth, Density and Population Problems – Transportation: Roadways, Railways, Airways, Waterways Trade: (Import and Export) – Special Economic Zones.
