UG TRB Chemistry Syllabus
UG TRB Chemistry Syllabus
Master core concepts with the UG TRB Chemistry syllabus, including Inorganic, Organic, and Physical Chemistry, along with Analytical Techniques and Teaching Methodology.
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Read here the BT Assistant / Graduate Teacher / BRTE Chemistry Syllabus
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
UNIT – I A. ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION
I) Atomic models: Rutherford, Bohr and Sommerfield-Origin of hydrogen spectrum-Electromagnetic radiation- Dualism of light-Black body radiation- Planck’s quantum theory-Phtoelectric effect-Compton effect-de Broglie equation-Heisenberg uncertainty principle. II) Periodic properties of elements: Atomic ionic radii, Ionization potential, electron affinity, electronegativity (Pauling and Mulliken’s scale) of elements along period and groups, -Effective nuclear charge, screening effect, Slater rule III) Postulates of quantum mechanics-operators: linear, non-linear, commutator- Schrodinger wave equation and derivation)-6LJQLILFDQFHRIȥDQGȥ2 , wave mechanical concept of atomic orbitals.
B. CHEMICAL BONDING
I) Ionic bond-Factors influencing the ionic bond-Lattice energy- Inert pair effect-Fajan’s rules-Born-Haber cycle-Born-Lande equation (derivation not required) II) Covalent bond-Lewis theory-VSEPR theory-Shapes of BeF2, BCl3,SnCl2, CCl4, PF5, Valence bond theory- Coordinate bond-Hybridization: sp3 ,dsp2 , sp3 d2 , d2 sp3 III) Shapes of orbitals,-quantum numbers-Zeeman effect-Pauling’s exclusion principle, Hund, rule, Aufbau Principle, Electronic configuration of elements- MO theory, MO diagrams of O2, N2 IV) Intermolecular forces: hydrogen bond, van der Waals forces V) Dipole moment
UNIT II
C. p-Block elements
i) General characteristic of p-block elements- Diborane-borax, borazine,mAlums, alloys of aluminium, allotropes of carbon ii) Chemistry of oxides of carbon, silicon iii) Compound of N and P-NH2-NH2, NH2 OH, Fixation of N2, PH3, P2O5 D. d-BLOCK & f-BLOCK ELEMENTS i) General characteristics of d-block elements: Melting points, Ionization energies, oxidation states, magnetic properties ii) Alloys of iron, copper, Nickel, chromium- Gemstones: Ruby, Emerald, Sapphire iii) General characteristics of f-block elements iv) Lanthanide, actinide contraction- consequences- UV spectra v) Separation and applications of lanthanides and actinides
UNIT III
E. COORDINATION CHEMISTRY
i) Classification of ligands, Complexes- IUPAC nomenclature, Isomerism. Mono and bidentate ligands and their complexes- outer orbital inner orbital complexes ii) Theories of coordination compounds: Werner’s theory, VB theory, Crystal field theory, EAN rule iii) Applications of coordination compounds
F. NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
i) Theory of nuclear reactions- alpha, beta and gamma rays- n/p ratio, isotopes. Isobars, isotones- Laws of radio activity- Radioactive equilibrium ii) Types of nuclear reactions: Fission, fusion and spallation-Nuclear reactors iii) Applications of radio isotopes in industry, medicine and agriculture
G. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Principles of volumetric analysis, gravimetric analysis, Separation and purification techniques- Redox titrations, complexometric titrations and Conductometric titrations. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
UNIT-IV
H. GASEOUS STATE Gas laws
Boyle’s law, Charles law, Avogadro’s law- kinetic theory- ideal gas equation– deviation from ideal behaviour- Maxwell distribution of molecular velocities( no derivation)- mean, root mean square and most probable velocities- Calculation of molecular velocities-collision diameter- mean free path- collision numberbehaviour of real gases-deviation from ideal behaviour–Inversion temperature-Liquefaction of gases
I. SOLID STATE
i) Classification of solids, Isotropic and anisotropic crystals- Crystal systems- Laws of crystallographyMiller indices, Bravais lattices- Unit cell- Crystal symmetry- X-ray diffraction- Structures of NaCl, CsCl and ZnS-Bragg’s equation-Radius ratio-Packing in crystals-defects in crystals ii) Semiconductors: n and p –type, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors
UNIT- V
J. THERMODYNAMICS
i) Definitions: System and surrounding, isolated, closed and open systems- state of the system-intensive and extensive properties-Thermo dynamic processes: reversible and irreversible, isothermal and adiabatic processes, state and path functions ii) First law of thermodynamics, Internal energy, enthalpy, heat capacity, Relationship between Cp and Cv Hess’s law of constant heat summation-Kirchoff’s equation- Second law of thermodynamics-Carnot theorem, entropy and probability-free energy and chemical equilibrium-Third law-Gibb’s & Helmholtz functions
K. CHEMICAL KINETICS
i) Rate of reactions, rate law, Rate constant-order and molecularity of reactions- Derivation of first order rate constant, Zero order reaction, Effect of temperature on reaction rates- Half-life period, Activation energy- Arrhenius equation ii) Theory of reaction rates, failure of collision theory-Significance of entropy and free energy of activation
UNIT-VI
L. COLLOIDS AND SURFACE CHEMISTRY
i) Classification of colloids-Preparation and purification of colloids-Properties of colloids-Stability of colloids-Gold number, gels- emulsion-types, emulsifiers-Application of colloids ii) Physisorption, chemisorption, difference between them-Factors influencing adsorption-Adsorption isotherm, Langmuir isotherm(no derivation)
M. ELECTROCHEMISTRY
i) Galvanic cells- Types of reversible and irreversible electrodes-conventional representation of electrochemical cells. Nernst equation- reference electrodes, Computation of cell emf, Calculation of thermodynamic parameters of cell reactions-Over potential, Hydrogen over voltage. ii) Arrhenius theory, Debye-Huckel equation- Kohlrausch law, Ostwald’s dilution law – Determination of pH and pKa of acids by potentiometric methods-Corrosion- Types of corrosion-Prevention of corrosion
UNIT-VII
N. SPECTROSCOPY
i) Electromagnetic spectrum-Different regions of spectra- Microwave spectra of diatomic molecules, rotational constants, selection rules-Infrared spectroscopy-Applications-Raman spectroscopy-Principles and applications ii) Principles, instrumentation and applications of UV Vis, NMR, ESR and Mass spectrometry.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
UNIT-VIII
O. TYPES OF REACTIONS
i) Aliphatic nucleophilic substitution reactions –Aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions-Free radical reactions-Addition to C=C and C=O compounds – Elimination Reactions. ii) Reduction and oxidation reactions – Oxidation with osmium tetroxide, ozone- reduction with NaBH4, LiAlH4
P. ELECTRON DISPLACEMENT METHODS
Inductive effects- Mesomeric effects, Hyper conjugation- Steric effects in substitution, addition and elimination reactions
Q) NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Classification of organic compounds-IUPAC nomenclature:alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones.
UNIT- IX
R. NATURE OF BONDING
1) Hybridization and geometry of simple organic compounds- Breaking of bonds- homolytic and heterolytic cleavage of C – C bonds-Reaction intermediates- free radicals : generation and stability- Carbocation and carbanion: formation and stability
S. STEREOCHEMISTRY
Stereoisomerism, definition and types- optical activity-asymmetric ccarbons, D and L notations, Enantiomerism, Diastereomerism- Racemization methods- Resolution methods-Walden inversionFisher, sawhorse and Newman projections-R and S notation of optical isomers: Cahn-Inhold and Prelog rules- Geometrical isomerism Z and E notations
UNIT X
T. MECHANISM IN AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION
i) Aromatic electrophilic substitution: Armenium ion mechanism: nitration, halogenation, sulphonation, Friedel Crafts reaction- Orientation and reactivity in monosubstituted benzene rings-Activating and deactivating groups ii) Aromatic nucleophilic substitution: SNAr mechanism, Benzyne mechanism
U. CARBOHYDRATES
Classification of carbohydrates-Monosaccharides-D family sugars-L family sugars-EpimersMutarotation- Interconversion of glucose to fructose and vice versa, Reactions of monosaccharidesDisaccharides – Lactose, Maltose, Gentiobiose, Sucrose, Manufacture of sucrose, properties and uses.
V. MATERIAL CHEMISTRY
i) Polymers-Types of polymerization-Homopolymers- copolymers- Thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers-Vulcanization of rubber ii) Dyes: Classification and Properties of dyes, Chromophores, auxochromes, Preparation of methyl orange, cangored, malachite green, fluorescein, indigo.
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