Modern Office Practice

UNIT 1: ACCOUNTS & FINANCE

Basic Accounting concepts – Capital & Revenue –Financial statements – Preparation of final Accounts – Schedule VI Part I & Part II. Partnership Accounts – Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution & cash distribution. Single Entry –  Statement  of Affairs method & conversion method.

Company Accounts – Issue & forfeiture if shares – Issue & Redemption of Preference shares & Debentures – Purchase of Business – Profits prior to Incorporation – Managerial Remuneration – Dividend declared out of the past and current profits – Issue of Bonus shares – Preparation of company balance sheet – Amalgamation, Absorption, Internal reconstruction – External reconstruction – Liquidation – Accounts for Banking & Insurance companies – Valuation of shares & goodwill – Inflation Accounting – CPP & CCA Method – Human resource Accounting – International Accounting Standards.

Cost Accounting – Meaning & definitions – Nature & Significance – Characteristics of ideal costing system – Elements of Costing – Cost concepts – Fixed & Variable costs – Preparation of Cost sheet – Costing methods: Job costing, Unit costing. Process costing. Service costing, contract costing & marginal costing – Materials – Labour – Overheads – Reconciliation of cost & financial accounts.

Management Accounting – Meaning – Nature – Objectives – Scope & Importance – Limitations – Analysis and interpretation of financial statements – Tools of management accounting: Ratio Analysis, Fund flow statements, Cash flow statements, Budgetary control, Variance analysis and Marginal costing (Applications of Marginal Costing).

UNIT  2 : FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

Financial Management – Meaning and Definitions – Nature and scope – objectives – Role and functions of financial manager – Risk and Return relationship – Cost of Capital: Meaning and importance – Cost of debt, equity, preference equity and retained earnings – Weighted average cost of capital – Capital budgeting techniques: ROI, Payback period and discounted cash flow.

Financial leverages – operating leverages – EBIT – EPS analysis – Financial, operating and business Risks – Capital structures – Theories –Net Income approach – Net operating income approach – MM approach – Determinants of capital structure –

leasing and its types – Advantages and disadvantages of leasing –  Evaluation of leasing.

Dividend theories & polices – Walter’s model -MM model – Determinants of dividend policies – Working capital management – Concept – Importance – Determinants and computation of working capital – Working capital forecasting – Management of Inventories, cash and receivables.

UNIT 3: HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Human Resource Management – Meaning – Importance – Scope – Objectives – functions – Organisation structure – Human resource planning – Job Analysis -Role Analysis – Selection and recruitment – Testing – Interview – Placement – Promotion

– Job evaluation and Merit rating – Job morale and Satisfaction – Performance appraisal – Various Training programmes – Theories X and Y – Motivation theories. Human behaviour in organisation – Perception Learning – Definition of learning – Learning theories – Concept – Personality – Determinants of personality – Theories of personality – Group dynamics – Decision making process – Nature – psychological barriers of decision making – Creativity in decision making – Traditional, Quantitative, Creative and Participative decision making techniques.

Discipline – Meaning – Causes of indiscipline – Acts of Indiscipline – Procedure for disciplinary action – Grievance – Meaning – Characteristics of Grievance – Causes of Grievance – Grievance knowing methods – Redressal procedure.

Organisation conflict – Individual conflict – Organisational conflict – Management of conflicts – leadership – Types of leaders – Theories of leadership – Qualities of a good leader –Workers participation in management.

UNIT 4 :  ECONOMICS

Economics – Meaning and Definitions – Nature and scope – Concepts – Theories of Economics: Adam Smith, Robinson and Samuelson’s theories – Criticism on economic theories.

Demand Analysis –Determinants of demand – Elasticity of demands – Types of elasticity – Factors influencing elasticity of demand – Demand forecasting – Goods – Types of Goods – Consumer Surplus.

Cost concepts – Cost and Output relation – Cost control and Cost reduction – Behaviour of cost in short and long runs – Break even analysis – Economies of large scale production.

Market Structure – Perfect, Imperfect, monopoly, Monopolistic competition and Oligopoly -Price determination – P ricing policies – Business cycles – National Income

• Monetary policy and fiscal policy – Public finance – Public

UNIT 5: MARKETING

Marketing – Meaning and Definitions – Nature and scope – Objectives – Functions – Marketing concepts – Market forecasting – Market Segmentation – Market research

• meaning, scope and objectives – Future of marketing research – Market information system – Consumer rights and protection – Consumer

Product Mix – Product planning – Product development – Pricing Mix – Role of Pricing

• Need and importance of pricing – Price determination process – Pricing policies and methods – Promotional Mix – Sales promotion – Various methods of sales promotions

-Advertising – Meaning and definition – Functions and objectives of advertising – Channels of advertising – Personal selling process.

Distribution process – Meaning – Importance – Objectives – Establishment of sales policies – Sales organisation structure – Sales  force  management  –  Selection, training and control of sales force.

Service Marketing – Meaning and definition – significance – classification of service markets – Organised markets – Features – Functions and objectives – Cooperative marketing – Objectives and need – Functions – Features – Operational methods – Problems and remedial measures.

UNIT 6: INCOME TAX AND TAX PLANNING

Income tax – Meaning – Sources of Indian Tax laws – Principles of good tax system – Income Tax Act 1961 –Basic concepts – Previous Year – Current Year – Assessment

• Types – Assessee and its types – Person and different types of persons – Residential Status for various persons – Scope of Total Income – Incomes exempted from total income – Agricultural Income – Tax free and relief

Computation of taxable income under various heads: Salaries, House Property, Business or Profession, Capital Gains and Other Sources.

Aggregation of Income – Set off and carry forward of losses – Deductions – Computation of total income – Computation of total income for Individuals and firms. Tax Planning – Advance Income Tax – Tax deducted at source – Self Assessment Tax

• Returns to be submitted by various

UNIT 7: INTERNATIONAL TRADE

International trade – Meaning, Nature and Scope – Role of foreign trade in India – Need for foreign capital – Forms of foreign capital – limitations – Government policies towards foreign capital – Promotion of foreign investment – NRI Investment – Problems in NRI Investment – Balance of Trade and Balance of Payment. Multi National Corporations – MNC Culture and its Implications in social and economic issues

• Government policies towards MNCs – Transnational Corporations. Regional Economic Integration: SAARC – ASEAN – EC -NAFTA

Euro Currency Market – GATT – WTO – World Bank – IMF – IDA.

Foreign Exchange – Exchange rate – Mechanism for exchange rate -Risk Management-Transfer of international payments – Convertibility of rupee – Foreign Investment Institutions & Instruments: GDRs,  ADRs,  Fils-Their  role  in  Indian Capital Market.

UNIT 8: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES

Research Methodology – Definition, meaning and nature – Scope and objectives – Types of research: Experimental Research, Survey Research, Case  study  methods and Ex post facto Research.

Research design – Research Problem – Process of Research – Sources of data collection -Methods of Primary data collection – Sampling and Sampling design – Pilot study and Pre testing – Analysis and interpretation of data – Report writing – Steps in report writing – presentation of a report.

Quantitative techniques – Meaning – Role – Advantages and limitations – Correlation Analysis – Simple – Partial and multiple regression analysis – Time series.

Probability – Elements – Theorems – Theoretical distributions – Binomial – Poison – Normal Distribution.

Hypothesis – Definition – Types – Type I Error – Type II Error – ‘t’ test – ‘F’ test – Chi square test.

UNIT 9 : BANKING AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

Bank and Banking – Meaning and definitions – Origin – Types and classification of banks – Commercial banks and its functions – Modern functions of banks – ATM, Credit card, Debit card – Reserve bank of India – Role of RBI – Functions of RBI – credit control measures exercised by RBI – Quantitative and Qualitative measures.

Rural banking system in India – NABARD and its functions – Non Banking Financial Institutions – Development Banks: IDBI, IFCI, SFCs, UTI and SIDBI

Stock exchanges – Working process of stock exchanges – SEBI – Functions & Importance of SEBI as a regulatory authority – credit Rating Agencies

Venture capital funds – Mutual funds – Lease Financing – Factoring –  Risk  and returns from securities and portfolios.

UNIT 10: Computers in Business

Computer systems – Importance of computers in Business – Data and information – Data processing, data storage and retrieval capabilities – Computer applications in business – Computer related jobs in business.

Types of computers – Micro, Mini, Mainframe and Super Computers – Analog, digital and hybrid computers – Business and scientific computer systems – First, Second, Third and fourth generation computers – Laptop and Note book computers.

Data processing systems – Batch, online, and real time  system  – Time  Sharing  – Multi Programming and Multi processing systems – Networking – Local area and wide area networks.

Components of computer system – input, output and storage devices – software – System software and application software – Programming languages – Machine languages – Assembly languages – High level languages – Flow Chart – System flow chart and program flow charts – Steps in developing a computer program.

Working with MS word – MS Power point – Ms Excel – MS Access – Mechanised accounting with TALLY.

E-Commerce – Internet – Intranet – Extranet – Emails – Its uses and importance – World Wide Web sites.