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Textile Technology Polytechnic TRB

Polytechnic TRB Textile Technology

UNIT 1: RAW MATERIALS

Natural Fibers: Cellulosic Fibers — Cotton, Linen, Flax, Jute etc. etc.; Protein Fibers  — Wool, other Animal Hairs, Silk  

Regenerated Fibers\Filaments: Cellulosic’s — Regular Viscose, High Tenacity  Viscose, Chemically modified Viscose (Cellulose acetates etc. etc.); Protein Fibers —  Milk Cassin (Lanitial), Soya bean (Azlon) etc. etc.  

Regular Synthetic Fibers\Filaments: Polyamides — Nylon 6, Nylon 66, Nylon 4 etc. etc.;  Polyesters — Terylene, Dacaron etc. etc.; Acrylics, Mod-acrylics, Aramides,  Polyethylene/Polyolefin, Polypropylene etc. etc.  

Special Synthetic Fibers\Filaments: Super strong polymers — Kevlar, B Fibers, Carbon  Fibers; Temperature/Flame Resistant Polymers — Neomex etc. etc.; Elastomers — Lycra  etc. etc; Mineral Fibers — Asbestos, Glass, Carbon; Other special purpose fibers.  Testing and Quality Control of Fibers\Filaments — Properties, Testers/Test methods and  Quality standards for fibers and filaments 

UNIT 2: FIBER TO YARN CONVERSION

Raw Material — need to mix cottons, the processing of blends;  The Short Staple (Cotton) – Processes — Blow room, Card, Draw frame, Comber  (optional), a) Roving-frame, Ring-frame b) Rotor frame and other Open End processed,  c) Compact spinning, and d) other modern spinning systems  Long staple processes — Processing of Flax, Linen, Jute and other long staple cellulosic  materials; Processing of wools — Worsted and Woolen spinning  Testing and Quality Control of Yarns — Properties, Testers/Test methods and Quality  standards for yarns; Tests for specific end uses  

UNIT 3: YARN/FILAMENT TO FABRIC.

Preparatory to Weaving — Winding, Warping and Sizeing processes  Shuttle Weaving — Hand looms, Pedal looms, Power looms, Automatic looms; Primary  Secondary and tertiary motions; tappet dobby and jacquard shedding; special motions of  Automatic loom Shuttleless Weaving — different weft insertion systems, rapier,  projectile, air jet, water jet; modifications in preparatory processes for shuttleless  weaving 

Knitting — Warp and weft knitting-theory and practice, Ticot and Rachell Systems Theory and Practice, Testing of knitted fabrics — properties-test methods, end uses of  knitted fabrics  

Non Woven Fabric Preparation — different methods of producing non-woven fabrics,  Properties of non-woven fabrics, Testing of non-woven fabrics, end uses of nonwoven  fabrics  

Testing and Quality Control of Fabrics — Properties, Testers/Test methods and Quality  standards for gray fabrics; Tests for specific end uses.  

UNIT 4: WET PROCESSING

Desizeing — different methods   Scouring — processes for cotton wool and silk (ceresin removal)  Mercerising (fabrics with cotton only) — Slack and taut processes  Bleaching — Different bleaching agents and processes  

Dyeing — Classes of dyes, linking dye classes to different fibers, dyeing processes  Printing — Manual — Stamp and Flat screen processes; Automatic — engraved roller  and screen roller systems, digital printing  

Testing and Quality Control of Wet processing — Process Parameters and Properties,  Testers/Test methods and Quality standards for processes and finished fabrics;  Tests for specific end uses  

UNIT 5: MANUFACTURE OF FILAMENT YARNS

Pre spinning Processes — Preparation of Polymer/Dope, Dope dyeing  Spinning Systems — Linking yarn types and spinning processes; Wet spinning, Melt  spinning, dry spinning — processes and parameters; Multistage (POY) process  Post Spinning Processes — Different types of texturistion, stress relaxation. 

UNIT 6: MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION IN TEXTILES

Statistical description of test data — measures of central tendency and dispersion;  Objective tests of significance like “t”, “F”, Chi square and the Analysis of Variance;  Tests for analysis of subjective data; Correlation and Regression; Multivariate  statistical tools.  

Fiber Calculations — Use of Linear programming (on k, u, s, m & f) to optimize cotton  mixing, draft calculations and settings 

Yarn Calculations — interpretation of Uster spectrograms; and Instron and Tensorapid  charts; Fabric Calculations — Sizeing calculations; Computation of fabric  parameters from test results; computation of production figures.  

Wet Processing Computation — Numerical color systems; Calculation of color recipes  (CIE method) and the adjustment of color recipes from trial dyeing; Computation of  material/Liquor ratios for multiple solutions.  

UNIT 7: MECHANICS OF TEXTILE MACHINERY

Machinery calculations — Power storage and utilization calculations for textile  machines; Gear and Draft calculations for textile spinning machines; Statics and  kinetics of various sub systems of spinning preparatory and weaving machinery;  Balancing of rotating machine components; Cam design.  

UNIT 8: TEXTILE PHYSICS

Bulk Properties of Textile materials — Length, breath and width / diameter, density,  moisture regain, thermal properties, electro-magnetic properties, tensile properties,  bending and buckling modulus, frictional behavior, torsion properties, abrasion  resistance and optical properties  

Fine Structure — The theory of the structure of fibers at the crystal lattice level (fringed  micelle theory), amorphous and crystalline regions, degree of order, and orientation etc.  etc.; Explanation of bulk properties in terms of the fine structure properties and chemical  properties.  

UNIT 9: TEXTILE CHEMISTRY

Chemistry of the structure of polymers — The chemistry of polymer forming  monomers; The polymerization process; Chemical properties of polymers and what  is required to have fiber forming capabilities Chemistry of the structure of dyes  — theory of chromophore groups, dye structure and affinity to fibrous materials  Chemistry of the dyeing process — Different types of dyeing processes; Physical and  chemical affinity, monderants etc etc; Molecular reasons for different types of affinity  between polymer and dye; Kinetics of dyeing, effects of temperature, Material/Liquor  ratio and time; retarding and accelerating agents 

UNIT 10: BUSINESS IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY

Finance — Starting a new Textile Unit, Existing Unit – Raw material Purchase and  Inventory, New Machine Procurement, Power Costs Mill design — Design and  construction of spinning and weaving mills, Populating a new Mill – Balancing of  machinery calculations, Selection and purchase of Machinery Product Planning —  The Textile market, salability of different product, development and implementation of  yarn and fabric Production Plans Balancing of Machine Numbers — Machine/Staff  allocation to products  

Textile costing — Cost estimation of different products, calculation of selling prices,  Estimation of marketability of products The Front Office — Management — Human  resources, hiring, salaries & benefits, promotion plans; Payroll data and disbursement,  Inventory control, Financial Records and analysis, Marketing. 

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